Pranayama techniques are best practiced while sitting on the floor on a folded blanket. This form of practice is applicable to vajrasana or padmasana also. However, any other posture can also adopted subject to the condition that the back is kept straight from the base of the spine to the neck and perpendicular to the floor.
Bad and poorly performed posture will lead to shallow breathing and low endurance. One must empty the bladder and bowels before starting pranayama practice.
It should be performed in well ventillated space and hygiene and place of least pollution or no pollution; may be in the home or park. But hygiene and the quality of air must be taken care of.